how far inland can a tsunami reach

The distance a tsunami can reach inland depends on several factors, including:

1. Wave height and amplitude: The higher the wave, the farther inland it can travel. Tsunami waves can reach heights of over 100 feet (30 meters) in some cases.
2. Coastal topography: The shape and elevation of the coastline can either amplify or reduce the impact of a tsunami. A tsunami can travel farther inland in areas with a gentle slope or a narrow, funnel-shaped bay.
3. Land elevation and slope: The higher the elevation and steeper the slope of the land, the less far a tsunami can travel inland.
4. Distance from the coast: The farther inland, the less energy the tsunami wave has, and the less damage it can cause.
5. Type of tsunami: There are two main types of tsunamis: local (or near-field) and distant (or far-field). Local tsunamis, which occur near the coast, tend to have a more limited inland reach than distant tsunamis, which can travel longer distances and affect a wider area.

That being said, here are some general guidelines on how far inland a tsunami can reach:

• Low-lying coastal areas: Tsunamis can travel up to 1-2 miles (1.6-3.2 kilometers) inland in low-lying coastal areas with a gentle slope.
• River valleys and estuaries: Tsunamis can travel up to 5-10 miles (8-16 kilometers) inland in river valleys and estuaries, where the water can funnel and amplify the wave.
• Coastal cities and towns: Tsunamis can travel up to 0.5-1.5 miles (0.8-2.4 kilometers) inland in coastal cities and towns, depending on the elevation and density of buildings.
• Mountainous coastal areas: Tsunamis are generally limited to the coastal area and may not travel far inland in mountainous coastal areas with steep slopes.

Some notable examples of tsunamis that have traveled far inland include:

• The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which traveled up to 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) inland in some areas of Thailand and Indonesia.
• The 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami, which traveled up to 6 miles (9.7 kilometers) inland in some areas of Japan.
• The 1952 Kamchatka tsunami, which traveled up to 15 miles (24 kilometers) inland in some areas of Russia.

Keep in mind that these are exceptional cases, and the inland reach of a tsunami can vary greatly depending on the specific circumstances.