how far can the radiation from a nuclear bomb travel

The distance that radiation from a nuclear bomb can travel depends on several factors, including:

1. Type and size of the bomb: Larger bombs produce more radiation, which can travel farther.
2. Altitude of the explosion: Explosions at higher altitudes can spread radiation over a wider area.
3. Weather conditions: Wind, rain, and other weather factors can affect the dispersal of radiation.
4. Type of radiation: Different types of radiation (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma) have varying ranges and penetration capabilities.

Here are some general estimates of the distances that different types of radiation can travel:

• Alpha radiation: 1-10 meters (3-33 feet) in air, but can be stopped by a sheet of paper or human skin.
• Beta radiation: 10-100 meters (33-330 feet) in air, but can be stopped by a thin layer of metal or a few millimeters of wood.
• Gamma radiation: 1-10 kilometers (0.6-6.2 miles) in air, but can be attenuated by thick materials like lead or concrete.
• Neutron radiation: 1-10 kilometers (0.6-6.2 miles) in air, but can be attenuated by materials with high neutron absorption cross-sections, like water or concrete.

In terms of the overall radiation plume from a nuclear bomb, it can travel much farther. The radiation plume is the cloud of radioactive particles and gases that rises from the explosion and can be carried by winds over long distances.

• Immediate radiation zone: Within 1-10 kilometers (0.6-6.2 miles) of the blast, radiation levels can be lethal.
• Radiation plume: Can travel 10-100 kilometers (6.2-62 miles) or more, depending on wind direction and speed.
• Long-term radiation zone: Can extend 100-1,000 kilometers (62-621 miles) or more, depending on the amount of radioactive fallout and wind patterns.

Keep in mind that these estimates vary widely depending on the specific circumstances of the nuclear explosion. It’s also important to note that radiation can be carried by winds and water, potentially contaminating large areas and affecting people far from the initial blast.