how far can you file back taxes

The IRS generally allows you to file past due tax returns for up to three years if you’re due a refund. However, if you owe taxes, there’s no time limit, and the IRS can collect unpaid taxes indefinitely. To avoid penalties and interest, it’s best to file as soon as possible, even if you can’t pay the full amount. You may also need to file back taxes for state purposes, which varies by state.

Key Points:

• Refunds: Typically, you can claim a refund within 3 years from the original filing deadline (April 15th each year).
• Owing Taxes: No Statute of Limitations—once you file, the IRS can collect unpaid taxes indefinitely.
• State Taxes: Varies by state, often 3 to 7 years.
• Interest and Penalties: Filing late can result in penalties and interest, so file as soon as possible, even if you can’t pay everything at once.
• Amended Returns (Form 1040-X): Can be filed up to 3 years after the original deadline to correct errors or claim missed deductions.

Consult a tax professional if you’re unsure about filing back taxes, especially if you owe money or need to amend previous returns.